正交设计筛选抗幽门螺杆菌甲硝唑耐药株天然药物的最佳组合方案

目的筛选天然药物治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案。方法运用正交设计方法筛选臭灵丹、石榴皮、蒲公英三种天然药物抗坳甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合。结果三种天然药物对Hp甲硝唑耐药株的最佳组合方案为：臭灵丹（MIC90，77．9mg／ml），石榴皮（MIC90，131．1mg／ml），蒲公英（MIC75，117．27mg／ml）。结论正交设计方法有效的筛选出了三种天然药物的最佳组合方案．提高了实验效率，节约科研资源。     

The effect of Taraxacum officinale on gastric emptying and smooth muscle motility in Rodents

Background Taraxacum officinale (TO) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been widely used for abdominal illnesses. However, the efficacy and the mechanism of TO on gastric emptying (GE) and smooth muscle motility are unknown. Methods Ethyl acetate fraction (EA), n‐butanol fraction (BF), and aqueous fraction (AF) were prepared in succession from 70% ethanol extract (EE) of TO using solvent polarity chromatography. Phenol red meal was adopted to estimate GE in mice. A polygraph was used to measure the smooth muscle motility in rats. Key Results The percentage of GE was 48.8 ± 6.1% (vehicle control), 75.3 ± 6.5% (cisapride positive control), 68.0 ± 6.7% (EE), 53.3 ± 6.0% (EA), 54.1 ± 6.3% (AF), and 86.0 ± 6.5% (BF). Thus, BF was determined to be most effective in accelerating GE. This stimulatory effect of BF on GE was also supported by the observation that BF increased spontaneous contraction of gastric fundus and antrum and decreased the spontaneous motility of pyloric sphincter in vitro. Atropine blocked the stimulatory effect of BF on GE, whereas phentolamine and propranolol had no effect. Conclusions & Inferences BF seems to be a promising prokinetic agent. BF‐induced increase in the contraction of fundus and antrum contributes to an increase in the intra‐gastric pressure. BF‐induced decrease in the motility of pyloric sphincter contributes to a decrease in the resistance of food from the stomach to the small intestine. The acceleration of GE by BF is likely to be exerted through cholinergic stimulation.     

中药外洗Ⅱ方在肛肠疾病中的临床应用

中药外洗Ⅱ方是上海市第七人民医院肛肠科集几十年临床经验制成的一种中药熏洗制剂。它的主要药物组成为蒲公英、五倍子、虎杖、乳香、海螵蛸。蒲公英为君药,取其清热解毒,消痈散结,抗菌利水消肿之功效,五倍子为臣药,五倍子中的主要有效成分为鞣质,具有止血、护膜、减少分泌渗出和防止细菌侵蚀的作用,配合蒲公英增强其抗菌的作用,又能收敛、燥湿、止痒。鲜虎杖性味苦寒,具有清热解毒、祛腐生肌、收敛止痛之功效,与蒲公英配伍能加强清热解毒、抗菌之功效;与五倍子配伍能协同其止血功能,能治疗肛门病术后出血、水肿、疼痛,促进创面愈合。海螵蛸和乳香共为佐药,有收敛止血、敛疮,消肿止痛之功效。     

蒙古苍耳化学成分研究

目的:研究蒙古苍耳的化学成分.方法:采用色谱方法分离,通过波谱学方法鉴定结构.结果:从醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到8个化合物,其中4个为倍半萜内酯类化合物,2个为三萜类化合物,2个为木质素类化合物,鉴定结构分别为:苍耳亭(1),苍耳皂素(2),11 α,13-二氢苍耳亭(3),苍术烯内酯丙(4),齐墩果酸(5),熊果酸(6),松脂素(7)和苯并二氢呋喃类木脂素(8).结论:化合物3～8为首次从蒙古苍耳中分离得到,1～3均表现出细胞黏附分子ICAM-1的诱导阻碍活性,但化合物3的活性较弱.     

高效液相色谱法测定蒲公英注射液中咖啡酸和绿原酸含量

目的建立用高效液相色谱测定蒲公英注射液中咖啡酸和绿原酸含量的检测方法。方法色谱柱为岛津VP-ODS C_(18)柱(150mm×4．6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(18∶2∶80),检测波长为323nm,流速为1．0mL/min,柱温为25℃。结果咖啡酸线性范围为0．0203～0．407μg,绿原酸线性范围为0．209～4．18μg,平均回收率咖啡酸为98．2%,绿原酸为97．5%,RSD咖啡酸为1．0%,绿原酸为1．5%。结论高效液相色谱法检测快速,定量准确,重现性好,可用于蒲公英注射液的含量测定。     

HPLC法检测金银花和蒲公英总提取物中绿原酸含量

目的:建立以HPLC法测定金银花和蒲公英提取物中绿原酸含量的方法。方法:采取RP—HPLC方法,Diamonsil(TM)C18色谱柱,流动相甲醇-0.4%磷酸(0～20min:90:10;20～25min:25:75;25～30min:25:75),流速1ml·min-1,检测波长327nm。结果:绿原酸线性范围在0.038～0.76ìg内,相关系数r=0.9992;样品平均回收率为101.3%,RSD%=1.7(n=6)。结论:该方法操作简便,结果准确,具有较好的重现性与稳定性,可用于金银花和蒲公英总提取物中绿原酸含量测定。     

Taraxacum officinale protects against cholecystokinin-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

AIM: Taraxacum officinale (TO) has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TO on cholecystokinin (CCK)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.METHODS: TO at 10 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide injected subcutaneously three times after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. We determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60 and HSP72, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally-induced pancreatitis.RESULTS: TO significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis. TO also increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72. Additionally, the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in the animals treated with TO.CONCLUSION: TO may have a protective effect against CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis.     

蒲公英水煎液对环磷酰胺诱导的实验性小鼠精子畸形的影响

目的 :研究蒲公英水煎液对实验性小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质的影响。方法 :应用小鼠精子畸形实验 ,观察蒲公英水煎液本身能否诱发雄性生殖细胞遗物质的损伤 ;以及对环磷酰胺诱导的雄性生殖遗传物质损伤是否具有抑制作用。结果 :蒲公英水煎液本身不能诱发实验性小鼠精子畸形 ;对环磷酰胺诱导实验性小鼠精子畸形具有明显抑制作用。结论 :蒲公英水煎液具有一定的抗突变作用 ,可安全应于临床肿瘤治疗。     

中药蒲公英的质量标准研究

用ＨＰＬＣ法测定蒲公英中咖啡酸和绿原酸的含量。采用 ＨＰ Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｉｌ Ｃ_１８色谱柱,２００ ｍｍｘ ２． １ｍｍ,５μｍ,流动相：甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝４． ２） ２３： ７７,检测波长：３２３ ｎｍ,柱温：４０℃,流速：１．０ ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ。该法咖啡酸平均回收率 ９９．８０％,ＲＳＤ ２．１４％;绿原酸平均回收率９９．５４％,ＲＳＤ ２．６９％。本法稳定可靠,为药典建立蒲公英药材的质量标准提供了依据。     

Antioxidant properties of Taraxacum officinale fruit extract are involved in the protective effect against cellular death induced by sodium nitroprusside in brain of rats

Context: Taraxacum officinale Weber (Asteraceae), known as dandelion, is used for medicinal purposes due to its choleretic, diuretic, antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties.

Objective: We sought to investigate the protective activity of T. officinale fruit extract against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced decreased cellular viability and increased lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats in vitro. To explain the mechanism of the extract’s antioxidant activity, its putative scavenger activities against NO^˙, DPPH^˙, OH^˙, and H₂O₂ were determined.

Methods: Slices of cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were treated with 50 μM SNP and T. officinale fruit ethanolic extract (1–20 µg/mL) to determine cellular viability by MTT reduction assay. Lipid peroxidation was measure in cortical, hippocampal and striatal slices incubates with SNP (5 µM) and T. officinale fruit extract (1–20 µg/mL). We also determined the scavenger activities of T. officinale fruit extract against NO^˙, DPPH^˙, OH^˙, and H₂O₂, as well as its iron chelating capacity.

Results: The extract (1, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) protected against SNP-induced decreases in cellular viability and increases in lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. The extract had scavenger activity against DPPH^˙ and NO^˙ at low concentrations and was able to protect against H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-induced deoxyribose oxidation.

Conclusion: T. officinale fruit extract has antioxidant activity and protects brain slices against SNP-induced cellular death. Possible mechanisms of action include its scavenger activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract.